Breastfeeding Won't Make Your Child Smarter In The Long Run, Study Says

There are plenty of very good reasons for moms to breastfeed their babies if they’re able to, but longterm cognitive gains may not be one of them.

A new study, published in the journal Pediatrics on Monday, found that children who were breastfed until they were at least 6 months old seemed to be less hyperactive at age 3. But by the time they turned 5, those differences had disappeared.

And after the researchers adjusted for socio-economic variables, there were only negligible differences between preschoolers who were breastfed and those who were not in terms of their vocabulary and problem-solving skills.

“We weren’t able to find a direct causal link between breastfeeding and children’s cognitive outcomes,” study author Lisa-Christine Girard, a researcher at University College Dublin, told NPR.

Girard and her co-authors collected data on roughly 8,000 children in Ireland ― born full-term ― when they were 9 months, 3 years old and 5 years old. They looked at tests measuring vocabulary and cognitive skills, as well as parental and teacher assessment of children’s “problem behaviors.”

Of course, the new study does have some limitations. Breastfeeding was broken into big time bands ― so babies who were breastfed between 32 and 180 days were looped into one large group, for example. That means that babies with potentially very different feeding experiences were analyzed together, which may “dilute the impact” of longer periods of breastfeeding, Dr. Lydia Furman, a pediatrician with Case Western Reserve University’s School of Medicine wrote in an editorial accompanying the findings.

Furman acknowledged that the topic of breastfeeding’s potential effects on cognitive abilities is controversial, but called the study “a thoughtful contribution to the breastfeeding literature.”

The findings will not alter recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics and World Health Organization that babies be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of their life, and then continue for a year or beyond ― after all, a baby’s potential IQ is not the reason doctors stick by that recommendation. But, this study will likely come as a relief to mothers who face challenges breastfeeding and worry about the effects on their children’s brains in the long run.

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That Time Audra McDonald Tried To 'Give Birth And Parent At The Same Time'

Audra McDonald’s funny birth story is proof that parenting duties never truly stop.

The Broadway icon and “Beauty and the Beast” actress shared with People what it was like giving birth for the second time. In October, her daughter Zoe Madeline Donovan, who turned 16 on Valentine’s Day, was in the room as her mom gave birth to daughter Sally James McDonald-Swenson.

“While I was giving birth to Sally James, Zoe wasn’t planning on being in the hospital room, but she got too curious so she came in,” McDonald said.

In true parenting fashion, McDonald was caught up in making sure Zoe was comfortable ― even at the exact moment she was giving birth. 

“I was so worried about her being overwhelmed that literally, as I was pushing out Sally, I was looking over at Zoe saying, ‘Are you OK? Is there anything you need from me, are you OK?’” she told People. “And Zoe kept saying, ‘Mom, would you just concentrate on having the baby!’ But I was literally trying to give birth and parent at the same time.”

Since that day, McDonald has been keeping it real on Twitter about what it’s like having a baby in the household again. 

Funny stories and tweets aside, McDonald clearly has a lot of love for her daughters.

“If you want to make me melt, just put my two daughters together, and I’m a puddle,” she told People.

H/T People

The HuffPost Parents newsletter, So You Want To Raise A Feminist, offers the latest stories and news in progressive parenting. 

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Georgetown Employee Discovers University Sold His Enslaved Ancestor

A Georgetown University employee made a haunting discovery while tracing his roots: his great-great-great-grandmother was sold in 1838 to help the college pay off its debts.

Jeremy Alexander, 45, told The New York Times that he learned this information after he and his family had their DNA tested in 2014. Alexander’s results traced back to his great-grandmother Anna Jones, without going into her story.

But Alexander was able to dive deeper into his lineage in fall 2016 when he received an unexpected email from a distant cousin, Melissa Kemp, who helped him connect the dots. The two had a conversation about older relatives they shared, according to the Times.

When Alexander brought up Jones’ name, Kemp went two generations back and informed him of Anna Mahoney Jones, his earliest known ancestor and one of the women sold by two Jesuit priests at Georgetown University to help the school survive.

Mahoney Jones was one of 272 slaves sold. The university made a total of about $115,000, or $3.3 million in today’s dollars, according to the Times. Mahoney Jones was enslaved at a plantation in Ascension Parish, Louisiana, along with her two children, 9-year-old Arnold and 6-year-old Louisa.

Alexander, who’s an executive assistant in Georgetown’s Office of Technology Commercialization, said finding this out has been quite stirring.

“Now I work here — to realize that this is my history, this is my story, blows me away,” he told the Times. “I have been really emotional as I learned about my ties to the university.”

Alexander said he wasn’t angry about the university’s ties because “it was the way the United States operated at the time.” But he said that he was happy to see Georgetown “has worked to right the wrong.”

Georgetown is currently trying to atone for its involvement in slavery. In 2015, alum Richard J. Cellini organized the nonprofit Georgetown Memory Project to trace the 272 enslaved people to their descendants. That same year, the university agreed to remove the names of the college presidents involved in the sale from two campus buildings.

In September, President John J. DeGioia announced that those descendants would be awarded preferential status in the admission process. According to The Washington Post, Georgetown will hold a religious ceremony in April as an apology for its ties to the slave trade.

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'Moonlight' Director Barry Jenkins To Turn Last Year's Biggest Book Into A TV Series

The movie of 2016 was, according to most standards, “Moonlight,” a gorgeous coming-of-age film that took home (with no small fanfare) the coveted Oscar for Best Picture. The book of 2016, on the other hand, was easily Colson Whithead’s The Underground Railroad, earning not only Oprah’s stamp of approval but the National Book Award, too.

So who better to adapt Whitehead’s critically acclaimed novel than the man behind “Moonlight,” Barry Jenkins?

According to Variety, Jenkins will write and direct a TV adaptation of The Underground Railroad, a one-hour drama series currently in development with Amazon. The New York Times reports that the show will be executive produced by Pastel, a company co-founded by Jenkins, and Brad Pitt’s Plan B Entertainment.

“Going back to ‘The Intuitionist,’ Colson’s writing has always defied convention, and ‘The Underground Railroad’ is no different,” Jenkins told Variety. “It’s a groundbreaking work that pays respect to our nation’s history while using the form to explore it in a thoughtful and original way. Preserving the sweep and grandeur of a story like this requires bold, innovative thinking and in Amazon we’ve found a partner whose reverence for storytelling and freeness of form is wholly in line with our vision.”

The Underground Railroad, described by HuffPost’s Claire Fallon as “an instant classic,” tells a story of the eponymous railroad familiar to students of American history, filtered through the lens of speculative fiction. The book centers on Cora, a young woman enslaved on a Georgia plantation, who descends into a literal subway system in an attempt to escape into freedom.

“This book has kept me up at night, had my heart in my throat, almost afraid to turn the next page,” Oprah explained in her review of the book.

Adapting Railroad isn’t Jenkins’ first foray into TV. He directed an episode of the upcoming Netflix adaptation of the movie “Dear White People” and an episode of the PBS series “Futurestates.”

According to the NYT, the Amazon production has not officially received the green light; it’s been in development for months, but it’s unclear when it will arrive or how many episodes it will span. If it gets the definitive go-ahead, the show will skip Amazon’s typical pilot procedure and move straight to series.

It’s pretty safe to say this TV show, if and when it comes to fruition, will be a must-see.

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Tina Fey, Alec Baldwin, Tom Hanks, Tracy Morgan, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Michael Moore, Padma Lakshmi and a whole host of other stars are teaming up for Stand for Rights: A Benefit for the ACLU. Donate now and join us at 7 p.m. ET on Friday, March 31, on Facebook Live. #standforrights2017 

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Chicago Cop Charged With 16 New Counts In LaQuan McDonald Shooting Case

A white Chicago police officer accused of murder in the shooting death of a black teenager was charged on Thursday with 16 new counts of aggravated battery, in a case that sparked national debate over police use of force against minorities.

Jason Van Dyke pleaded not guilty through his attorney in a Chicago courtroom to 16 counts of aggravated battery with a firearm that were issued by a grand jury on March 16 and unsealed on Thursday by a special prosecutor, local media reported.

Video footage of 17-year-old Laquan McDonald being shot 16 times by Van Dyke in October 2014 was released more than a year later, sparking protests and pushing the city into a national debate over police use of force, particularly in minority communities. The release of the video also led to the ouster of the police chief.

Van Dyke pleaded not guilty to murder in 2015 and is awaiting trial.

Special prosecutor Joseph McMahon did not give an explanation for the new charges on Thursday. He denied in court that he sought the new charges to correct what the defense has called errors in the initial charges, the Chicago Tribune reported.

Four Chicago police officers were suspended for not having properly functioning dashboard cameras during the shooting, officials said in January. Chicago’s Office of the Inspector General recommended 11 of the 15 officers involved in the incident be discharged.

The U.S. Justice Department began a civil rights investigation in December 2015 after the video was released by court order.

The department said in a report in January that Chicago police routinely violated the civil rights of people, citing excessive force, racially discriminatory conduct and a “code of silence” to thwart investigations into police misconduct.

The report said excessive force falls “heaviest on black and Latino communities,” with police using force almost 10 times more often against blacks than whites.

(Reporting by Brendan O’Brien in Milwaukee; Editing by Randy Fabi)

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10 Relationship Facts Everyone Should Know Before Getting Married

We hate to be pessimistic, but love alone isn’t enough sustain a marriage. To truly make a marriage last, research suggests you need to be smart and conscientious in how you love your partner.

To that end, we’ve gathered 10 marriage-related facts every engaged couple should know about. Take those rose-colored glasses off and read on.

1.  Sharing the housework = more sex.

Sharing is caring ― and sharing household chores could make for a really hot sex life. A 2015 study from the University of Alberta found that couples who divvy up cleaning tasks reported higher relationship satisfaction and got busy more often than couples who left it to one partner.  

Apparently, when men in the study felt they were making fair contributions to household chores, the couple had more sex and each partner reported more sexual satisfaction. Now we understand why Mr. Clean dances like this:

2. The honeymoon phase may be a myth.

Don’t get too hung up on the hot-and-heavy phase fizzling out: the honeymoon phase may be more of a myth than a reality. According researchers at Deakin University’s Australian Center on Quality of Life, couples are happiest after their first year of marriage. What’s more, newlyweds reported having a lower happiness score than couples who had been married for a long time

Lead researcher Melissa Weinberg attributed the findings to couples having a “wedding hangover” ― a feeling of sadness once the wedding is over and the actual marriage begins.

3. Most couples wait six years before going to marriage counseling ― but you should go sooner.

The average couple who visits a marriage counselor has been struggling for about six years. By that time, some therapists say the damage has already been done. It’s much smarter to go as soon as you start to get serious, when things between you and your S.O. are going relatively smoothly, Ryan Howes, a psychologist in Pasadena, California told HuffPost recently.

“It’s OK to go to counseling when things seem ‘fine’ so that you are more resilient when they aren’t,” he explained. “Even the strongest marriages will encounter tough times eventually, and it’s good to be equipped when they come.”

4. Eye rolls could cost you. Contempt is one of the top predictors of divorce. 

Get a handle on those snarky remarks. According to marriage researcher John Gottman, contemptuous behavior like eye-rolling, sarcasm and name-calling is the number one predictor of divorce.

For forty years, Gottman and his research team at the Gottman Institute have studied couples’ interactions to determine the key predictors of divorce — or as he calls them, “the four horsemen of the apocalypse.” Contempt is the number one sign, followed by criticism, defensiveness and stonewalling (emotionally withdrawing from your partner.) 

5. Cuddling is a game-changer in a long-term relationship.

Big (and little) spoons, rejoice! A 2014 study out of the University of Toronto found that even a small amount of cuddling can produce substantial increases in sexual and relationship satisfaction, especially among women and parents of young children.

6. Arguing over finances early on doesn’t bode well for the marriage.

It may not be the sexiest premarital convo but talking about money issues now rather than later could save you a world of heartache. In 2013 study, researchers at Kansas State University found that early finance-related arguments are the top predictor of divorce. What’s more, this was true across income and wealth levels. That’s your cue to pour a glass of wine and start talking financial histories and money expectations.

7. Men really benefit from getting married. 

Research has suggested that men, in particular, benefit from married life. A major survey of 127,545 American adults found that married men are healthier than men who never tied the knot or whose marriages ended in divorce or widowhood. They also live longer!

8. A few arguments every now and then are actually good for your marriage. 

If something isn’t sitting right with you and your partner, get vocal. In 2012, Florida State University researchers found that bursts of arguments can actually be beneficial to relationships. Arguing helps signal to your partner that certain behaviors ― cough, leaving the dishes in the sink, cough ― are unacceptable, said lead researcher James McNulty

9. Divorce may be contagious. 

We don’t want to ruin your double date plans but the people you surround yourself with matter quite a bit. A study published in the “Social Forces” Journal in 2013 found that divorce can work like a social contagion, spreading among friends and families. If someone in your social network ― say your coworker BFF or family friend ― splits up, the statistical likelihood of ending up in divorce court yourself increases by 75 percent. 

As the researcher explained, “Individuals who get divorced may influence not only their friends, but also their friends’ friends as the propensity to divorce spreads.”

10. Marriage is good for your heart. 

The jury is still out on whether single people or couples are healthier, but research suggests getting hitched is at least heart healthy. 

In one recent study out of New York University’s Lagone Medical Center, researchers found that married men and women had a five percent lower chance of cardiovascular disease compared to single folks.

Why’s that? It may be because married people have better emotional support and deeper social ties to family, which in turn produces lower blood pressure and general heart health. 

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Darius Rucker Cries For The Love Of The Gamecocks, Who Reach Final Four

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We can just hear Darius Rucker singing to his team: “I only wanna be with you.”

Rucker, lead singer of ‘90s hitmakers Hootie and the Blowfish, had himself a moment in New York City’s Madison Square Garden after watching the South Carolina Gamecocks defeat the Florida Gators on Sunday, advancing to their first Final Four in the NCAA Tournament.

Watch the emotional reaction from the former South Carolina student and Charleston native below:

WISTV, a local TV outlet, pointed out that Rucker is so devoted, he hasn’t let work get in his way of March Madness, either. As he performed a concert in Charleston on Friday, the singer stole looks at onstage monitors showing South Carolina upsetting Baylor. 

Even Julia Louis-Dreyfus and Bill Murray ― other celebrity fans whose teams eventually bowed out ― didn’t show that level of fanaticism.

H/T For The Win

Tina Fey, Alec Baldwin, Tom Hanks, Tracy Morgan, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Michael Moore, Padma Lakshmi and a whole host of other stars are teaming up for Stand for Rights: A Benefit for the ACLU. Donate now and join us at 7 p.m. ET on Friday, March 31, on Facebook Live. #standforrights2017 

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13 Photos That Show C-Section Moms Are Strong As Hell

More than 30 percent of women in the United States deliver their babies via C-section, a surgery that can be essential and life-saving. And yet amid all the talk in public health circles about the need to lower the C-section rate, and our reverence for “natural” birth, many moms absorb the message that surgical delivery is somehow less than. We hear about women being told C-sections aren’t real birth, or that they took the easy way out. 

But C-section mothers, like all mothers, are fierce and their stories ― good and bad, disappointing and beloved ― are important to share. So too are their unique experiences learning how to live in their bodies again after those bodies have been transformed not only by pregnancy and motherhood, but by major surgery.

So HuffPost Parents asked New York City-area C-section mamas to share their birth stories and show off their scars to continue to normalize an experience that is extremely common, yet often treated as somehow secondary.

These are their stories, and this is what C-section moms look like. Which is to say, beautiful and strong as hell. 

These interviews have been edited and condensed for clarity.

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'SNL' Star Michael Che Refuses To Apologize For Calling Boston 'Racist'

Michael Che called Boston “the most racist city” he’s visited, and he’s sticking by that comment. But he also wants Bostonians to know that he has no hard feelings against them.

In an Instagram post on Saturday, the “Saturday Night Live” star responded to the recent media attention he received thanks to a joke he made about the American city in February.

“Listen Boston, my grandma is racist too, but I still love her. & I still love you,” Che wrote on the photo-sharing app alongside a screenshot of a tweet from The Boston Globe. 

For a little context, Che called Boston “the most racist city I’ve ever been to” during a “Weekend Update” segment that aired the night before Super Bowl LI. As Boston.com notes, the joke didn’t earn a lot of media coverage, but was reported on at the time by WEEI, a local radio station.

Last Thursday, Che brought up the comment again during a set at Boston University, saying he received some backlash over social media. But he didn’t apologize.

Instead, according to The Boston Globe, he told the crowd that he doesn’t apologize for his jokes or their subsequent controversies because he’s just “trying to be more presidential.” 

Tina Fey, Alec Baldwin, Tom Hanks, Tracy Morgan, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Michael Moore, Padma Lakshmi and a whole host of other stars are teaming up for Stand for Rights: A Benefit for the ACLU. Donate now and join us at 7 p.m. ET on Friday, March 31, on Facebook Live. #standforrights2017

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Kevin Hart Responds To Dave Chappelle Calling Him Out On Netflix

If you felt a sudden chill while watching Netflix recently, it probably came during Dave Chappelle’s jokes about Kevin Hart. Apparently when Chappelle took his son to see one of Hart’s shows, the latter pulled a pretty cold move.

In his first comedy special on Netflix — which happened to be his first LA show in 10 years — Chappelle recalled what happened, saying he was slightly miffed by all the success Hart was having. Then, after taking his son backstage, Hart gave the kid a custom jersey with “K. Hart” stitched on it.

“Your father ever makes you mad, put that on,” Hart apparently told his son.

“Oh, that was some cold shit,” said Chappelle. “Then I realized, looked up, what Kevin made on Google. I couldn’t believe that shit. Kevin is the first comedian that a Drake song could be about. Kevin could walk around his house and sing, ‘All Me’ and the whole song would still be true.” 

Now, Hart is responding.

While answering fan questions on Twitter, the comedian said he thought the bit was “amazing.” 

But Twitter is full of trolls who don’t want anyone to have fun, so one person just wanted Hart to know that Chappelle was funnier than him. The comedian handled it well.

Actually, he might even agree with the statement. Hart has previously said in a 2013 interview, “You can’t compare anybody to Dave Chappelle.”

Just in case you still weren’t clear on where he stood on the bit, he even cited Chappelle as one of his favorite comedians.

This guy’s got Hart.

H/T PhillyVoice

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